As of January 31, 2026, the B.C. Government will no longer provide casino slot machine revenue to the horse racing industry.
This marks a meaningful step toward phasing out an industry that has long depended on government funding, despite declining public interest, shrinking revenues, and ongoing concerns about the welfare of horses used in racing.
The VHS welcomes this progress while acknowledging the uncertainty for those currently involved in the horse racing industry.
Government and industry are urged to prioritize a safe, compassionate retirement for all horses and to support both workers and animals through the industry’s transition.
The cut signals what may be another nail in the coffin for B.C’s last horse track.
“Even with continued government investment from casino-generated revenue, the industry is not sustainable due to declining revenues, public participation and attendance, a letter from the province reads.”
“Government officials said the amount of slot machine income that went to the horse racing industry was about $8 to $10 million annually.”
What will happen to the horse racing industry?
While media reports state that it is unknown whether the 2026 horse racing season will go forward, statements from industry stakeholders and the B.C. government observe that declining revenues and public attendance make horse racing unsustainable in the province.
A recent VHS report outlines the high racing-related fatality rate, including at least 14 horse deaths since 2023, and the long-term decline in attendance and revenue at Vancouver’s Hastings Racecourse. The report recommends that the City of Vancouver end horse racing at Vancouver’s Hastings Park when the current Operating Agreement expires in 2026.
Slot machine revenue for Hastings Racecourse will be pulled just months before the racetrack’s lease ends with the City of Vancouver in May 2026.
More than 1,500 advocates have already signed a petition calling for the lease to not be renewed, supporting an end to horse racing at B.C.’s last racetrack.
Why has the VHS been raising awareness about horse racing?
Deaths at Vancouver racecourse
Hastings Racecourse has seen a concerning pattern of horse deaths, including eight in 2023, four in 2024, and at least two between April and June 2025. In 2024, the rate of horse deaths at Hastings was 1.78 per 1,000 starts—much higher than the industry average of 1.11 and nearly double that of tracks under stricter safety rules (0.90).
Early start, lifelong harm
Most horses start training and/or racing at just 2 years old, before their bones are fully developed. This puts them at high risk for serious injuries and early decline. Thoroughbred horses are often overbred for speed rather than skeletal strength, making their legs susceptible to fatal injury.
Painful & stressful practices
Horses often endure harsh training methods and uncomfortable equipment, like whips and tight mouth bits, that can cause stress and pain.
The Vancouver Humane Society is partnering with The Happy Herd Farm Sanctuary to make life better for animals this Giving Tuesday!
The joint campaign is raising funds for life-saving work at both local organizations.
Giving Tuesday gifts will go to essential care needs like food and veterinary care for rescued farmed animals at The Happy Herd.
They will also support emergency veterinary care for companion animals in low-income homes across B.C. and vital advocacy to create a brighter future for all animals.
Read the latest story in the Langley Advance Times highlighting some of the animals at The Happy Herd and how you can help.
Vancouver Humane Society partners with Happy Herd to fundraise for the animal farm sanctuary
“At Happy Herd Farm Sanctuary in Aldergrove, the herd is growing and so is the need for support.”
“In recent weeks, the sanctuary has welcomed several new animals, each bringing their own story of survival.”
The sanctuary’s new animals include Cornish cross chickens “Angel and Daisy, who were raised in a horse stall, and Benji, who had been kept alone in a small cage.”
“Casper, a baby rooster, was found abandoned in a cardboard box.”
“He is understandably very scared, but every day his little personality shines through a little more,” said co-founder Diane Marsh.
Each year in Canada, 3 to 5 million animals, like beagles, rabbits and mice, are used in scientific research and toxicity testing, as reported by the Canadian Council on Animal Care.
In 2024, nearly 100,000 animals were subjected to procedures causing severe pain or distress.
There is growing evidence to suggest that animal studies fail to reliably predict human outcomes.
Despite the urgent need for better, more human-relevant science, Canada’s progress has been slow.
When you sign an official federal e-petition, you’ll get an email asking you to confirm your signature. Your signature doesn’t count until you click that confirmation link.
Image credit: Jo-Anne McArthur + Media Roger Kingbird / We Animals.
Why change is needed
Despite Canada committing to reduce animal testing for chemical safety in 2022, and a 2025 federal strategy under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) to replace, reduce, or refine the use of vertebrate animals in toxicity testing, the strategy does not include targets, timelines or dedicated funding.
A coordinated national effort to transition away from animal models;
Measurable targets to reduce animal use in research and regulatory testing (50% reduction by 2030, full replacement where feasible by 2035);
Sustainable federal funding to establish a national centre to lead the transition to animal-free research and testing;
A mandate to prioritize non-animal methods, with replacement as the default;
Federally recognize non-animal methods as the standard by amending federal laws and regulations;
Establish mandatory public reporting on non-animal method adoption rates, federal funding, and animal use in public and private sectors.
Public support for humane science
Canada is falling behind countries like the United States and those in the European Union, which have developed strategies and investments in new methods that do not use animals. Canadians overwhelmingly agree that it’s time for Canada to catch up.
83% of Canadians believe that whenever modern scientific alternatives are available, they should be used instead of subjecting animals to painful experiments;1
On average, Canadians rate the importance of considering animal welfare in research decisions at an 8 out of 10, reflecting strong public concern for the treatment of animals used in science;2
When asked how important it is to find effective alternatives to the use of animals in science and medicine, Canadians gave an average score of 7.7 out of 10.2
Nearly every year, animals continue to be injured or killed in dangerous rodeo and chuckwagon events at the Calgary Stampede.
At least 110 animals have died at the Calgary Stampede since 1986, an astonishing average of one death every 3.5 days of competition.
The Vancouver Humane Society is urging Calgary’s newly elected Mayor and Council to remove the chuckwagon races and rodeo events from the annual Stampede program.
TAKE ACTION:
Step 1: Tell Calgary’s NEW Mayor and Council toremove these inhumane and deadly animal events from the Stampede program.
Step 2: Take the #SayNoToRodeo pledge to reflect your opposition to the use of animals in rodeo events.
Check out RodeoTruth.com for more information about the rodeo and chuckwagon races at the Calgary Stampede. This public awareness project is a collaboration between the Vancouver Humane Society and concerned Calgarians.
To keep spreading the word about why the Calgary Stampede should buck inhumane animal events, follow RodeoTruth on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and TikTok and share the posts.
Image credit: Jo-Anne McArthur, We Animals
What happened at the 2025 Calgary Stampede?
A horse named Rider suffered a fracture to his left-front cannon bone during a chuckwagon race and was euthanized.
Video clips show the risk of injury to animals, such as a steer who was flipped over and whose neck was repeatedly twisted. Last year, a steer used in steer wrestling was euthanized due to a serious neck injury.
Footage also shows people at risk of injury, including children.
Animals are hit and roughly handled. In one clip, a handler uses a rope to agitate a bull’s neck while another person behind the scenes calls the bull obscene names.
Animals show signs of fear and stress, including widened eyes, tense open mouths, excessive salivation, thrashing in chutes, panicked behaviours, and resisting handlers.
Content warning: The following footage shows a fatal incident and animals showing signs of stress and fear.
Stress, suffering & risk of injury or death in rodeo events
Calf roping: Calves are chased, roped by the neck, abruptly stopped, and thrown to the ground, which can cause neck injuries, bruising, and stress.
Steer wrestling: Steers have their necks twisted and are slammed to the ground, risking serious injury.
Bucking events: Bulls and horses are fitted with flank straps and spurred to provoke bucking, a reaction caused by discomfort and fear.
Chuckwagon races: High-speed collisions and crashes often result in catastrophic injuries and death.
In 2025, a horse was euthanized after a serious leg injury in the chuckwagon races.
In 2024, four animals died: three horses during chuckwagon races and one steer whose neck was broken in a steer wrestling event.
Despite efforts to improve safety, animal fatalities continue almost every year, demonstrating that these events are inherently dangerous.
Tools & practices that cause distress
Flank straps and spurs are used to provoke animals into fleeing and bucking.
Animals often show visible signs of fear and stress: wide eyes, drooling, open mouths, vocalizations, and defecation.
Rodeo footage often shows rough handling — hitting, kicking, tail twisting, and ear pulling.
The Vancouver Humane Society is urging the newly elected City of Calgary Mayor and Council to remove rodeo and chuckwagon events from the Calgary Stampede program by collaborating with Stampede organizers or implementing bylaws to prohibit harmful events. Cities like Vancouver, Port Moody, and the District of North Vancouver have already banned rodeos.
Public opposition to rodeo is growing
A 2022 Research Co. poll found removing rodeo and chuckwagon events would have little to no effect on Stampede attendance.
61% of Canadians and 49% of Albertans opposed the use of animals in rodeo (2022).
By 2023, opposition grew to 67% of Canadians and 53% of Albertans.
2024 polls showed majorities of Calgarians oppose calf roping, steer wrestling, bronc riding, and chuckwagon racing.
67% of Calgarians now oppose government funding for rodeos. (2024)
The Future of the Stampede
The Calgary Stampede has evolved over the decades to incorporate other attractions, including a large art festival; Indigenous performers and artists at the Elbow River Camp; the Midway rides and games; and live music featuring today’s top bands and local musicians.
It’s time to embrace a cruelty-free future that brings people together without animal suffering.
Removing these harmful events would align the Stampede with modern values of compassion and respect for animals.
Together, We Can Make a Difference
📢 Call on Calgary’s NEW Mayor and City Council to end rodeo and chuckwagon events at the Stampede!
Together, we can ensure the Calgary Stampede continues as an exciting celebration, without cruelty.
The Vancouver Humane Society is raising alarms about a dramatic increase in emergency veterinary assistance requests.
The McVitie Fund, which provides life-saving veterinary assistance to low-income B.C. residents, has seen more than 10 times as many applications so far in 2025 compared to 2020.
The rising cost of living as a driving force behind the growing need for help.
The VHS is reaching out to the community to help pets come home safe and calling for long-term solutions so no animal guardian is forced to choose between paying for their basic needs and life-saving pet care.
Read or watch the news story from CTV News Vancouver below.
The Vancouver Humane Society has expressed serious concerns regarding what they describe as an alarming trend in emergency veterinary assistance requests, which have reached unprecedented levels.
“The Vancouver Humane Society has expressed serious concerns regarding what they describe as an alarming trend in emergency veterinary assistance requests, which have reached unprecedented levels.”
“Chantelle Archambault from the Vancouver Humane Society referred to the McVitie Fund as a ‘lifeline for people who have nowhere else to turn.'”
“We’re seeing the cost of living is impacting everyone, and they’re just struggling to keep up,” she added.
“The program is designed to assist those living below the poverty line. Many beneficiaries rely on income sources such as Persons With Disabilities, Income Assistance, Canada Pension Plan, or Old Age Security.”
“Archambault explained that many individuals are left with only $100 to $200 after paying rent, making a large veterinary bill devastating.”
Vancouver Humane Society is partnering with The Happy Herd Farm Sanctuary this Giving Tuesday to make life better for animals!
Between now and December 2, you can donate directly to our joint campaign. We are also looking for businesses and individuals to support this campaign through matched giving donations. Check out our sponsorship package for more details.
Every supporter that donates towards the Giving Tuesday campaign will be entered into a prize draw for the chance to win a $50 gift card toVegan Supply.
Happy Herd cares for 50+ animals including pigs, cows, goats, chickens, sheep, cats, and one dog! Each cherished animal has their own name and personality, and spends their days enjoying life with their fellow herd family members.
Your generous support of this campaign will support essential daily care costs like food and veterinary treatment, and will have a lasting impact on the lives of the animals who call The Happy Herd home.
The Vancouver Humane Society
Since 1984, the Vancouver Humane Society has been supporting individuals, organizations, and governments to take action for the welfare and rights of animals influenced by human activities.
The VHS is dedicated to ending animal suffering in all forms, including:
“Veterinary social work is about walking alongside guardians through some of the most stressful and emotional times in their lives.”
In this episode of The Informed Animal Ally, we explore the growing field of veterinary social work — where human services and animal welfare meet. Dawn Campbell, a veterinary social worker with the Vancouver Humane Society, shares how supporting people through their bond with their pets can lead to more compassionate, inclusive systems of care. Together, we discuss how this approach helps ensure no one has to choose between their own wellbeing and their animal’s.
Note: This written discussion has been edited for length.
Featured Guest: Dawn Campbell
Veterinary Social Worker, Vancouver Humane Society
Dawn is a registered social worker who joined the Vancouver Humane Society in 2024 as a Veterinary Social Worker for the McVitie Fund. She holds a degree in Social Work from the University of Victoria and has additional specialized training in grief and loss, pet loss support, and counselling. With a wealth of experience in social services and animal care, Dawn is deeply passionate about bridging the gaps between social work and animal services.
Dawn: I wanted to start by situating myself and acknowledging the land that I work and live on. I am a settler on the unceded territories of the q̓ʷɑ:n̓ƛ̓ən̓ (Kwantlen), q̓ic̓əy̓ (Katzie), Máthxwi (Matsqui), and se’mya’me (Semiahmoo) First Nations.
For me, a land acknowledgement is not about a quick statement at the beginning of a meeting. It’s about accountability. It means recognizing my responsibilities and committing to building daily, respectful and reciprocal relationships with Indigenous peoples.
What this means is looking honestly at my role in my social work profession and how it has played a role in upholding colonial policies and causing deep harm, and as a social worker, having to carry that history with me, and then also having to resist falling into fragility or defensiveness when confronted with it.
For me, that’s about consistent reflexivity, asking how my whiteness shapes the way I show up in spaces, how it impacts my perspective, and how others experience me because of it.
Part of that accountability also includes action, whether that means engaging in mutual aid or continuing to learn about Canada’s colonial past and its ongoing impacts.
This isn’t just a recognition, it’s about accountability. It’s about learning, it’s about respect, and it’s about striving to change harmful systems.
Chantelle: I really appreciate that because what we’re gonna be talking about today is a system that’s striving to make things more fair and just and inclusive for all people.
What is veterinary social work?
Chantelle: I would love to start with a backgrounder on the topic of veterinary social work.
For people who aren’t familiar with it, could you tell us what veterinary social work is and how it differs and aligns with other types of social work?
Dawn: Yeah, so essentially it’s social work in animal spaces. But if we wanted to go a little bit deeper, the term veterinary social work was developed by Elizabeth Strand at the University of Tennessee in 2002 when she also founded the first Center for Veterinary Social Work.
The program at the University of Tennessee focuses on four core areas:
The link between human and animal violence;
Grief and loss;
Animal assisted interactions; and
Compassion fatigue management.
So that’s the formal scope that veterinary social work focuses on, at least in this specific program.
But I do really like the definition that was brought forward in a webinar that was hosted by the Vancouver Humane Society. Veterinary social work was described as an area of social work practice that attends to the human needs that arise at the intersection of veterinary medicine and social work.
Watch the enlightening 60-minute webinar on the field of veterinary social work and its transformative impact on the animal services industry, originally held on Wednesday, June 14th! This webinar is hosted by the Vancouver Humane Society and features expert panelists Natalie Cruz from Boundary Bay Veterinary Specialty Hospital, Erin Wasson from University of Saskatchewan, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, and Dillon Dodson from Toronto Humane Society.
I think like that definition really stuck out to me because it was very simple, it was very broad, and that is really where we’re at is at that intersection.
This might look different depending on where it happens. It could be in a veterinary clinic, it could be in a community outreach program. It could be in a humane society. The shape of the work is determined really on the community needs, the setting and even the species involved.
I think that the values at the heart of this work mirror a lot of the social work values: the inherent worth and dignity of all beings, including animals.
And it’s also preventative work, so that could be offering grief support, advocacy, and connection before crises deepen.
Chantelle: Oh, that’s fantastic. I was originally involved with the webinar that we ran in 2023 about veterinary social work. A panelist described it as the same as other types of social work in a different setting.
It sounds like that’s very much in line with how you view it as well.
Dawn: Yeah, for sure. I totally agree. I think that social work can be in any space. So we can label this as veterinary social work, or we could just label it as social work because it’s just social work in an animal space and in an animal related context.
It overlaps with so many things, like I said, including crisis work, counselling, group facilitation, and even forensic (criminal justice) social work.
It’s really just meeting people where they’re at. And with this specifically, it’s when their relationship with their animal is at stake.
A typical day for a veterinary social worker
Chantelle: Yeah, absolutely. You work with the McVitie program, so everyone accessing the McVitie program services is basically in a state of very heightened emotional crisis.
People are concerned for the lives of their pets, their family members, their best friends. So they’re coming in, they’re stressed, they’re worried, they’re needing support and help, and they don’t have the funds to meet the needs of their animal that they care so much about.
It’s so important that we can support both the animals and the people who care about them.
I would love to hear about what a typical day looks like for you as a veterinary social worker in this context.
Supporting animal guardians through a pet’s medical emergency
Dawn: Yeah. As mentioned earlier, I work with the Vancouver Humane Society’s McVitie Fund team.
I assist with the operations of that program, and that can look different day to day.
Often, like you mentioned, we’re hearing from pet guardians whose animals are facing life-threatening emergencies. This could be anything from being hit by a car to maybe a cat in diabetic shock or a severe flea infestation. And so they’re already dealing with the stress and emotional toll that comes with seeing their animal in distress.
On top of that, many of these guardians are already navigating financial hardship, housing insecurity, and other barriers.
We’re helping them figure out what we can do funding wise. It is a veterinary assistance fund, but it’s not just about the money that we can provide to them for their animals to get veterinary care. It’s also about supporting the guardian emotionally.
Because this animal is in crisis, the person is too, and they don’t know what the outcome is going to be.
Collaborating with support workers
Dawn: Sometimes it’s not a guardian that reaches out to us directly. It can be a social service worker, it could be an outreach worker, a case manager who is applying for veterinary funds on behalf of their client.
What I’ve done in those cases is collaborating with the staff, resource sharing so that their clients—not only that client that they’re applying for, but for their other clients with pets—what’s in the community that can help for future care, like pet food.
And it’s about offering emotional support to the staff as well. Because I have found, and this is from my own other professional experience of working in the field, that these staff members are deeply attached to these pets also.
And so it’s supporting them through this process as well. You’re holding many hands.
Some days it’s grief support when the outcomes aren’t what they hoped. Other days it’s celebrating when a guardian’s pet gets to come home and they get the care that they need. We get wonderful feedback from people, very appreciative of our time and our resource.
Advocating on behalf of animal guardians
Dawn: So it could be crisis intervention, case management, advocacy.
I’ve advocated on behalf of a client with vet clinics on trying to get our funds spread a little further.
And at the heart of it really, it’s really just listening and recognizing that pets are a part of the family system.
Bridging the gap between human and animal services
Chantelle: You mentioned that a lot of people who access services for their animals are also facing their own complex challenges and they need services or they use other services for themselves as well.
How does veterinary social work help to bridge that gap between animal services and human services, and how does that improve outcomes for the animals?
Dawn: I think there’s a lot of work to be done. There are so many gaps in the system, whether an animal is involved or not.
I think that what I’ve taken away as a veterinary social worker, as well as also having worked in the social services field for quite a while now, is that one of the most powerful things is how pets can be the key to connection.
If you ask them about their dog, everything changes.
Building rapport is not always easy, and people who have experienced trauma who have been excluded or mistreated by systems may not want to engage. But if you ask them about their dog, everything changes. Their face lights up. Their pet is their whole world.
There’s been so many moments where someone wasn’t interested in talking about their situation, but the second you ask about their animal, everything shifts. Even if it’s as simple as helping them get food for their pet.
Once that trust is there, it opens up and you can start discussing about their own needs.
Supporting someone through their bond with their pet can be the foundation of broader healing.
I think that, not only is that what the work of veterinary social workers are doing, it’s something that can be done by people who are working in animal welfare agencies, in vet clinics, in social service agencies.
They can see that is a way in, and I think that can start breaking down the walls that are separating our agencies. And we can start bridging to one another. I think that’s like a good starting point and having conversations like these for sure.
Chantelle: Absolutely.
I feel like that’s such a universal experience for people who work with both animals and humans. That is almost the exact thing that we heard from last month’s guest, Jesse from Atira Women’s Resource Centre. She said that speaking with someone about their pet is such an amazing foot in the door to build a really strong connection with that person, be able to connect with them on other resources for themselves.
Dawn: Yeah, I mean when you think about it, if you’re out for a walk and who are you more likely to go up? The person who’s walking their dog or the person who doesn’t have a dog?
Billy Bob’s story
Chantelle: Could you walk us through a case where you supported an animal and their guardian?
Dawn: Yeah. This one is always one that will stay with me. Billy Bob is very close to my heart.
I had known this dog, Billy Bob for a few years. He and his guardian had been through quite a bit of hardship living on the street.
This was before I joined the Vancouver Humane Society, and I was working downtown Eastside in a supportive housing building. Billy Bob, a senior dog, had developed a large mass along the left side of his abdomen, just behind his front leg.
It was causing a lot of discomfort and was really affecting his quality of life. You could see that there was a significant change in his energy. Something was wrong.
His guardian, Duffy, had been quite worried for some time and didn’t know what to do. He didn’t have the financial resources to get Billy in.
I had applied for funds through the McVitie program.
I remember the moment, when we get the initial funds were approved. And I remember telling him. The relief in his voice was unforgettable. I remember him saying it was like winning the lottery.
We had that moment and I remember having that moment with my coworkers also about agreeing that, how often do we get to say yes to something?
This is somebody who has been entrenched in homelessness, and stigmatized and discriminated against for it. And to be able to be like, Hey, we’re gonna get, we’re gonna get your dog to the vet. We’re gonna figure out what’s going on.
When we brought him to the vet it was clear that the best course of action was to remove the mass completely. It was very big. It was like the size of a grapefruit, if not bigger, and it was posing a real threat to Billy’s life and it was gonna be a lot more money than $500. And we were able to get additional funding from the McVitie program, and that surgery saved Billy’s life. It really did.
After they had sent tests off for that mass, it had shown that it was a low grade cancer and that added another year and a bit to Billy’s life.
Billy got to be there for Duffy when Duffy passed in the hospital.
We would’ve never have been able to have that if we hadn’t gotten Billy in and taken care of.
For me, that really highlights what veterinary social work is about—what social work or helping people in general is about.
It’s not just about the medical care for an animal, it’s about walking alongside the guardian through what can be one of the most stressful and emotional times in their life.
We thought we were gonna lose Billy, and if we hadn’t gotten that surgery, we would’ve been looking at end of life care.
It also shows that supporting people and their pets happens in old spaces, not just in formal animal welfare settings. And it’s a reminder that being resourceful on behalf of your clients can make a difference between life and death for an animal and hope or despair for their guardian.
The McVitie Fund is a small fund, and being able to access it makes a really huge difference in people’s lives.
Chantelle: Connecting with guardians directly as well, I know people in the program, yourself included, get those stories directly every day.
I remember a conversation where our other colleague Ishtmeet shared in our team group chat she had just got off the phone with a guardian. And she had been able to approve funding for the guardian’s dog. As she was hanging up, the guardian said with a shake in their voice, oh baby, you’re gonna be okay.
It’s such an impactful thing in people’s lives, and I’m so grateful that we have donors who are able to contribute to this fund and make it possible.
Dawn’s journey into veterinary social work
Chantelle: Can you share a little bit about your own journey into this field and what drew you to the intersection of human and animal wellbeing?
Dawn: I mean, I could go way back to teen years and tell you that I wanted to be a vet tech and I volunteered in a vet clinic. I volunteered for Langley Animal Protection Society. I grew up on a farm. I was like obsessed. I was like, I am going to work with animals. That’s my dream.
And then things changed and I came onto a path of social services and working with people, and then somehow I came back to animals and people.
But I’ll be honest, I didn’t know that veterinary social work existed until I was in my fourth year of my social work degree. By then I was already working in the social services field for quite some time and I kept seeing the same thing over and over again in my work, which was that people with pets were falling through the cracks.
Their pets were rarely considered when supports were put in place.
So when I was doing some research around where I would wanted to do my fourth year of practicum placement and I had no idea, that’s when I stumbled across veterinary social work and started to learn more about it.
After doing some research finding out that there was no placements available in Western Canada, I advocated to create my own.
My field coordinator for the practicum approached the Vancouver Humane Society. And you guys were very open to the idea. That’s how I came into doing a practicum with the Vancouver Humane Society—just the openness and willingness from VHS and from my university to take on an unconventional practicum placement.
And then at the end of the practicum, I was graciously offered a job, and now I’m here and I have so many goals and dreams of how I want to see this expand, how I want to see veterinary social work expand here in Western Canada.
And so that’s the most recent part of the journey, but ultimately it was about seeing the consistent gap in the system of pets and people being left behind basically, and having to choose.
It was really hard to see, and I was just like, there’s something that needs to be done and I’m gonna do it.
Addressing systemic service gaps
Chantelle: I understand it’s really important to be able to address those gaps and not let people and animals fall through the cracks. How does this approach address systemic service gaps, especially for marginalized communities in their companion animals?
Dawn: What I see happening in social work in these spaces is really addressing policies and procedures through education.
As an example, many shelters and housing programs don’t allow pets, and the ones that do, there’s no policies or procedures in place on how to support people who own pets, and how to handle the pets. And staff are often not trained from a strengths-based approach that addresses both the wellbeing and the safety of the animal and the person.
Because of this, people often avoid accessing services altogether. And I think that is a place where veterinary social work can really come in and address that.
Not only are social workers in general trained in strength-based approaches, but the animal piece of it is working with organizations to create policies, procedures, and training education for staff and so that everyone is supported.
Another way we can address this is acknowledging the fact that people facing hardship and homelessness are especially stigmatized for having a pet.
I’ve had countless conversations where people have been said, if someone can’t house themselves, they shouldn’t have an animal. But hardship does not mean someone can’t be a good guardian. I’ve seen so many people put their animals’ needs before their own.
I also think that it’s important to recognize that neglect and abuse happen in all kinds of settings. It happens in farms, zoos, family homes. Much of it is hidden. Yet when someone living on the street has a pet, people are quick to assume neglect.
What that tells me is that the problem isn’t actually with abuse. It’s with visibility. And when visibility is punished, it becomes discrimination against structurally excluded or disenfranchised population.
And so I think that in veterinary social work, social work in general, we can raise that awareness. We can challenge those belief systems and that stigma and say that everyone is deserving.
I wanted to also mention that veterinary care is very expensive to everyone. We have people applying to our program that have high income, and that just shows how inaccessible veterinary care has become.
And that’s for many reasons. There is a veterinarian shortage happening, the staff shortages are happening in Canada. There’s emotional distress, compassion fatigue, burnout, wages. There’s many things that are contributing to the inaccessibility to veterinary care. It’s not just the cost of it. There’s other factors as well, and so I think that we can address those pieces.
How collaboration makes a difference
Chantelle: You mentioned earlier some ways that veterinary social work is collaborative with other sectors.
Such an important part of the work is to collaborate with other sectors like public health, social services, other animal services. Can you talk about that kind of collaboration and how working with other sectors approaches a guardian’s challenges and needs in a more holistic way?
Dawn: Social workers in general thrive on collaboration. We are connectors to various stakeholders, including housing providers, social service agencies, healthcare services.
From the lens of a veterinary social worker, we’re looking at connecting with humane societies, with veterinarians, and helping see where pets fit into the bigger picture in how supporting animals also strengthens human wellbeing.
We see this work happening from other organizations, such as Community Veterinary outreach, Paws for Hope, and Atira. They don’t have social workers on staff in those programs per se, but they are practicing social work principles by meeting people where they’re at and supporting both human and animal needs.
And so we’re seeing the collaboration happening and the partnerships being created in community. Continuing that is making sure that we are putting the community’s needs first and coming in from a place of listening and supporting what’s already working.
Chantelle: I love that concept of meeting people where they’re at.
Dawn: It’s a harm reduction approach. It’s such a powerful concept. It’s coming in with putting the person first, not coming in with an agenda. Not coming in with the answers. Not being like, I’m the expert in your life.
They’re the experts in their lives.
Chantelle: Yeah. Everyone’s coming to the program from a different place, and there’s going to be a different solution that makes sense for each person’s situation.
Dawn: Exactly. Just to add onto that piece, animal welfare is moving away from saviorism and charity, and shifting the lens to solidarity and mutual aid. Really recognizing that resilience and love and connection are things that we need to amplify over struggle. Struggle is very important to recognize, but we have to look at these other things as well.
How the field is evolving in Canada
Chantelle: As you mentioned, the concept of meeting human service needs and animal service needs together is not at all new.
People have been working with both humans and animals for many decades. Like you said, the term veterinary social work was coined in 2002, so more than two decades ago. How has the field evolved since then, and what’s unique about how it’s growing in Canada today?
Dawn: I think that, like we’d mentioned earlier in the US veterinary social work became more established through the University of Tennessee’s program, whereas in Canada, we’re still shaping what it looks like.
As I mentioned, that there are organizations who are leading the way in this, and they’re doing the work that’s deeply aligned with social work practice, and really addressing housing and health needs alongside animal care.
We’re also seeing, on an academic level, veterinary colleges offering veterinary social work services. This is introducing veterinary students to social work early in their training.
And it means clients and staff and teaching hospitals are being supported.
We’re seeing organizations like the Toronto Humane Society, who has developed a structured social work program and offers a social work practicum placement there, and their team provides crisis support, grief processing, service navigation, advocacy and leadership.
On a national level, Humane Canada is doing incredible work to integrate one health and one welfare approaches. These frameworks recognize that human health, animal health, and environmental health that are interconnected.
We’re building something unique that reflects what our own communities and systems and priorities.
Chantelle: You mentioned so many of the organizations that I wanted to flag as well. We both brought up the veterinary social work webinar a while ago that the VHS put on in 2023.
We had three different veterinary social workers on that panel that are from other organizations and clinics that are leading the way. Natalie Cruz from the webinar was the first veterinary social worker in BC at Boundary Bay Veterinary Specialty Hospital.
We had on Erin Wasson from the Western College of Veterinary Medicine who’s been such a trailblazer getting this field on the radar in Canada and introduced veterinary social work into the school in Saskatchewan.
We had Dylan Dodson from the Toronto Humane Society. As you mentioned, they’re doing great work.
Where veterinary social work is heading
Chantelle: This is such a subjective question, but I’d love to get your take on it. Where do you see the field heading in the next five to ten years, and what is needed to support that growth?
Dawn: I see it playing a major role in shaping policy and training across social service sectors.
As I mentioned before, there’s not a lot of guidance on how staff in the social services sector can support their clients who have pets. I think that partnerships with social service agencies are a real tipping point. I think that when housing programs, food banks, and health services integrate pets into their models, we’ll start to really see systemic change.
I also see this field adopting a true social model of care for animals just like we do with humans, and recognizing structural barriers, not just individual failures.
I think that anti-racism and cultural humility is also very crucial. Veterinary colleges are already embedding equity into their training, raising awareness about the human-animal bond and the importance of inclusion.
I think that we are starting to reframe how we support staff. So instead of relying only on compassion fatigue, we need to recognize empathetic distress, which is a very real emotional toll of caring deeply, day after day. I see that in the animal welfare field and in the social services field, where there’s this push for self-care.
Burnout and compassion fatigue are considered an individual problem when in reality it’s a structural problem. It’s a systemic problem. So shifting that to better support staff in both sectors. I think that work is being done; we’re recognizing it and it’s happening.
I think that we’ll see more support in remote and northern communities and Indigenous communities in ways that are sustainable and culturally safe. That means not coming in and telling communities what to do, but really coming in and listening and allowing knowledge keepers and community members to identify what their need is. And our role is to stand alongside them and support sustainably and build solutions together.
Some of the most transformative organizations are already modeling this approach. And I believe this is where some of the most transformative work will happen in the next decade.
One last piece would be dismantling the silos that we’re currently in on both sides. I think that we are treating both sectors as separate worlds, and we’re not; we are overlapping every day. I think that the future of veterinary social work is breaking down those walls and creating integrated, holistic systems of care.
How you can help
Chantelle: We always like to end off by giving our audience something that they can do to take action.
Say if someone works or volunteers with animals, where would you recommend that they get started to learn about resources like a veterinary social work program that may be available in their community, which they could refer people to?
Dawn: That’s a really great question, because I think the resources are out there, but they’re still very few and far between.
A good educational piece on learning more about the field or becoming more involved is watching the webinars like the one that the Vancouver Humane Society did, as well as the Canadian Association of Social Work. They did a webinar back at the beginning of this year on the expanding role of veterinary social work in Canada.
Looking into what Humane Canada is doing and going to their conferences is a really great way to not only network, but learn more about what everyone is doing.
There’s this thought that you have to get specialized training to be a veterinary social worker. You don’t. Like I said at the beginning, this is social work in animal spaces. If you’re a registered social worker and you have a passion to work with animals and to support people and their pets, that’s it.
There’s courses. I took an animal welfare certificate course through the Thompson Rivers University. It’s an online certificate. I really liked the course.
Those are some ways of networking. Or just being persistent, reaching out to organizations and seeing what kind of social work they’re doing, seeing what social work programs they’re running.
As a closing, at the heart of all this is that I believe animal welfare is a social service, and I think it should be funded as such.
We already see animals showing up in family law with custody agreements for pets. We’re seeing how housing policies impact whether people can keep their animals. And we know about the violence link, the clear relationship between animal abuse and interpersonal violence.
These are all social issues.
They’re not separate. Supporting animals is supporting people. If there can be any takeaway today, I think that it would be that it’s a social service. No one should ever have to choose between their own wellbeing and their pet.
This action has now ended. 2,450 messages were sent to speak up for exotic animals and mobile live animal programs. Please see the Current Campaigns page for more ways you can help exotic animals.
In September, the Union of BC Municipalities (UBCM), which represents local governments across B.C., held its annual convention.
A resolution brought forward called on the B.C. government to regulate mobile live animal programs – such as mobile petting zoos and exotic pet expos – and strengthen rules for keeping exotic (non-native, non-domesticated) species.
More than 1,000 B.C. residents wrote to their local governments, urging them to support resolution NR75 — Mobile Live Animal Programs.
UBCM members ran out of time to vote on resolution NR75 during the convention.
The resolution will now be considered by the UBCM Executive at their quarterly meeting on November 12-14.
TAKE ACTION: Add your name to the VHS’s campaign urging the UBCM President & Executive to support protections for animals used in mobile live animal programs and to call for stronger provincial safeguards for exotic animals kept, sold, bred, or traded as pets.
Exotic animals are wild animals from other countries often imported to Canada through the exotic pet trade. These animals are not domesticated, even if bred in captivity, and their welfare can suffer when sold, bred, transported, or displayed. The exotic pet trade also poses risks to the environment and public health and safety.
Animal welfare issues
Mobile live animal programs (MLAPs) can take many forms, including travelling petting zoos, presentations, and expos where animals can be purchased. They involve the transport of animals to a location for display, public entertainment, or sale to the public, and feature a variety of different animals.
MLAPs often include exotic animals—wild animals from other countries imported to Canada—such as spiders, snakes, lizards, and tortoises.
Animals involved in MLAPs face many animal welfare risks, including:
Travel to and from events
The public handling of animals
Unregulated housing and breeding practices outside of events where they may face restricted movement due to lack of space
Limited behavioural opportunities
Abnormal social groupings, such as highly social animals being housed alone
Exposure to unnatural environmental conditions (lighting, temperature, substrate, sounds, odours)
The accidental or intentional release of exotic pets (e.g. when pets are no longer wanted but a new home cannot be found for them) can introduce invasive species to our ecosystems. Some invasive species who have impacted our local ecosystems include the red-eared slider turtle, goldfish, and American bullfrog.
Invasive species can threaten native wildlife, compromise habitats, and spread new diseases.
Public health & safety concerns
While the risk of disease transmission is always present when interacting with exotic animals, MLAPs increase risk due to:
The number of animals and variety of species
High amount of close human contact
Difficulties in following hygiene protocols (if present)
These risks are particularly prevalent at events marketed to children.
The transportation and frequent handling of animals at these events presents a significant risk factor for stress, and stressed animals may also be more likely to bite or scratch, compounding risks of disease transmission and physical harm.
Community impacts
Escaped or released animals and the surrender of unwanted exotic pets stress already overwhelmed shelters, rescues, and veterinary services, which may not have the resources and expertise to accommodate such a wide range of exotic species.
There have been many documented instances of escaped or released exotic pets in B.C. in recent years.
Outdated regulations leave exotic animals at risk
Currently, there are no provincial regulations in place that are specific to MLAPs and there is a lack of consistent and enforceable standards for keeping, breeding, displaying, and selling exotic pets.
B.C.’s Controlled Alien Species Regulation (CASR), introduced in 2009, has banned ownership of more than 1,000 dangerous species like tigers and venomous snakes that pose a threat to people, property, and wildlife.
However, the CASR does not address animal welfare or disease risks, making many exotic species that suffer in captivity or can spread zoonotic diseases still legal to own and trade.
Regulate mobile live animal programs to address animal welfare concerns and public health and safety risks;
Update the Controlled Alien Species Regulation to equally prioritize animal welfare considerations alongside public safety, and prohibit the import, keeping, breeding and transport of all exotic species.
TAKE ACTION: Sign the letter to show your support for this resolution!
Vancouver bylaws allow horse-drawn carriages to operate on busy city streets, putting horses and the public at risk of serious injury.
The VHS has raised concern about horse-drawn carriages operating at events in busy, high-traffic commercial districts of Vancouver, such as Kerrisdale and Commercial Drive.
These urban environments are dangerous and can be stressful for horses due to traffic, noise, pollution, and unpredictable surroundings.
Cities like Montreal, Chicago, and Salt Lake City have already banned or restricted horse-drawn carriages for similar reasons.
SIGN THE PETITION: Urge Vancouver City Council to protect horses and the public from these risks by prohibiting horse-drawn carriages from busy city streets.
Horses are sensitive, social animals, not suited for navigating the increasingly busy, noisy, and unpredictable streets of a modern city. Yet, Vancouver bylaws still allow horse-drawn carriages to operate on busy roads in high-traffic commercial areas throughout the city.
These urban environments are filled with loud noises, fast-moving traffic, hard pavement, vehicle exhaust, and crowds that can easily startle horses, no matter how experienced or well-trained they are. The physical and mental toll on horses, especially from noise sensitivity, air pollution, and walking on hard concrete for hours, cannot be overlooked.
Growing public concern
Despite growing concerns, existing bylaws do not address the safety and welfare issues that carriage horses face in busy city environments.
In 2020, nearly 7,000 people signed a petition urging the Vancouver Park Board to remove horse-drawn carriages from Stanley Park, showing that public concern around this outdated practice is strong and growing.
In recent years, incidents in Vancouver, Victoria, and Montreal have underscored the risks associated with horse-drawn carriages in busy urban environments. Horses have bolted after being spooked, fallen on slippery streets, and collided with traffic. Cities across North America, including Montreal, have since chosen to ban or restrict horse-drawn carriages to prevent further harm.
Previous Incidences
Vancouver – Stanley Park
2016: A team of horses pulling a carriage was startled by a car horn and bolted along the Stanley Park seawall with passengers on board. The horses crossed a bike path, smashed a bench, and ran for approximately 100 metres. Multiple people were injured, including the driver who fell from the carriage.
2018: A horse-drawn carriage rolled back into a BC Transit bus that was following too closely. The impact caused both horses to fall and block traffic. They remained on the ground for over five minutes, and bystanders attempted to help, putting themselves at risk. Just months later, another carriage horse team was spooked and crashed into a parked car. Witnesses reported smashed windows and that the horses climbed onto the vehicle’s roof with their front hooves.
2023: A carriage horse tripped over a bike lane curb and fell after being spooked when its bridle caught on a railing following a tour. The driver was thrown from the carriage, which became stuck halfway in the bike lane, and sustained a minor cut to the head.
2024: A carriage horse is spooked after an equipment malfunction, resulting in the driver losing control of the horse, who proceeds to run and buck through an intersection. Passengers jumped out of the carriage before the horse collapsed on the concrete.
In recent years, the Vancouver Humane Society (VHS) has monitored and documented several holiday events in Vancouver where horse-drawn carriages were used in busy commercial areas like Kerrisdale and Commercial Drive.
These events revealed patterns of concern, including:
Carriages turning across oncoming traffic at intersections
SIGN THE PETITION: Urge Vancouver City Council to protect the well-being and safety of horses and the public by prohibiting horse-drawn carriages from busy city streets.
Sarah and her cherished cat, Coco, were among the many families who attended this summer’s Because They Matter event in Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside. Community members picked up supplies for their companion animals and learned about accessing the VHS’s McVitie Fund for veterinary care assistance.
Sarah shared that Coco has been by her side through addiction recovery, alerts her before seizures, and helps her manage her autism. Holding Coco close, Sarah gushed about “her little buddy,” and said that she “couldn’t do life without her.”
At Because They Matter, Sarah was able to choose toys and a food dispenser to enrich Coco’s life. She admitted, “I was really nervous about coming out, simply because there’s shame associated with needing help.” But the warm welcome from volunteers and staff quickly put her at ease: “I was greeted with a lot of compassion and a lot of kindness.”
Supporters like you make it possible for loved animals to get the care they need without having to be surrendered to the already overflowing shelter and rescue system. The community, their stories, and their bonds with their beloved pets matter.
Thank you for being here for animals and those who love them.
