Categories
Media Release

Vancouver Humane Society pleading for help to save pet lives after surge in emergency veterinary funding requests 

“Sammy” (name changed for privacy), one of the animals helped by the McVitie Fund program this year.

Vancouver, November 17, 2025 — The Vancouver Humane Society (VHS) is raising alarm bells as requests for emergency veterinary assistance reach unprecedented levels in 2025. The organization’s McVitie Fund—which provides life-saving veterinary care for pets in low-income households across B.C.—has already processed more than 2,000 applications this year, surpassing all previous records. 

In 2020, fewer than 200 applications were received. By 2024, that number had skyrocketed to around 1,600. Now, with the program exceeding its 2025 budget, the McVitie Fund team is struggling to keep up with the growing need. 

“This rapid increase in need for a life-saving community service reflects a heartbreaking reality,” said Chantelle Archambault, VHS’s Communications Director. “More people are being forced to choose between paying rent, feeding themselves, or saving their pets’ lives.” 

Most applicants rely on Persons With Disabilities (PWD) income, Income Assistance, Canada Pension Plan (CPP), or Old Age Security (OAS). The program also supports survivors fleeing domestic violence, who can be at specific risk of lacking veterinary care funds—research shows around 99% of domestic violence cases involve financial abuse and around 89% involve pet abuse. Many program applicants report that they are surviving on just $100 to $200 each month after rent. 

“It’s no surprise that people are struggling, given the massive increase in cost of living and relative stagnation in government assistance,” Archambault added. Since 2021, consumer prices have ballooned by about 15%. Meanwhile, the provincial support allowance for a single person with disabilities living in the smallest sized unit today is just 8 cents more per month compared to rates effective on May 1, 2021, while their maximum shelter allowance has gone up by $125. 

The VHS shared that it is systemic inequities, not personal failings, driving the surge in need. For many living in poverty, pets are their primary source of emotional support and safety. When those families cannot access veterinary care, both the humans and the animals suffer. 

The McVitie Fund fills this crucial gap, keeping loved pets in their homes and out of the overcrowded shelter system. Behind each application is a story of unconditional love and resilience. 

One cat who received care through the program, Sammy*, was suffering a painful intestinal infection that caused him to stop eating and begin vomiting. His guardian, Michelle*, took him in from a friend who had to go into a shelter. She lives on disability assistance and could not afford treatment. 

“He is my boy, and I don’t want to lose him. He loves waking me up in the morning at the most ungodly hour, tapping my face with his paws and bumping his nose on my face. I love him so much,” Michelle told the McVitie Fund program team.  

Thanks to the McVitie Fund, Sammy received multiple vet visits, overnight hospitalization, and medication that helped him recover and return home. 

“Sammy is just one of the thousands of pets whose lives depend on emergency funding,” said Archambault. “But our resources are stretched thinner every year. Without more support, we may not be able to help every family on a low income that needs emergency assistance.” 

The VHS is calling on the community for donations to sustain and expand the McVitie Fund as demand continues to grow, and is encouraging cross-sector collaboration to build long-term solutions that ensure no one has to choose between their own well-being and their animal’s care. 

To donate or learn more, visit vancouverhumanesociety.bc.ca/mcvitie-fund.  

*Names changed to protect privacy. 

– ends – 

Source: Vancouver Humane Society 

For more information, please contact:

Chantelle Archambault 

Communications Director 

604-416-2903 

chantelle@vancouverhumanesociety.bc.ca  

Categories
Media Release

VHS supports end of horse racing at Fraser Downs Racetrack, calls for broader shift away from horse racing in Metro Vancouver

VANCOUVER, August 18, 2025 – The Vancouver Humane Society (VHS) welcomes the announcement that horse racing is coming to end at Surrey’s Fraser Downs Racetrack. This development offers a meaningful opportunity to reflect on and accelerate the transition away from outdated and harmful entertainment traditions that put horses at risk.

“While the closure at Fraser Downs marks an end to racing at that site, it is emblematic of a wider, long-overdue shift away from horse racing,” said VHS Campaign Director, Emily Pickett. “Horse racing inherently subjects horses to pressure and danger, debilitating injuries, early physical decline, and at times fatal outcomes.”

The VHS has been advocating for an end to horse racing at Vancouver’s Hastings Racecourse, pointing to horse fatality rates that are significantly higher than the industry average. The organization has tracked at least two horse deaths at Hastings so far in 2025, four in 2024, and eight in 2023. 

As the VHS recently highlighted in a report delivered to Vancouver City Council, horse racing no longer justifies the reliance of public subsidies, especially given declining attendance and rising welfare issues. The report advocates for an end to horse racing at Hastings. 

The Fraser Downs closure opens a path to reimagine how communities can thrive without putting animals at risk of suffering, injury, and death. 

“There’s been a lot of conversation as of late about the future of Vancouver’s Hastings Racecourse. We’re hopeful decisions-makers in Vancouver will come to the same conclusion and move away from horse racing at Hastings as well,” commented Pickett.

The VHS is urging municipal and provincial leaders to refrain from supporting or renewing horse-racing operations elsewhere, recognizing the inherent risks and public welfare concerns.


The VHS is also encouraging individuals to reflect on the ethics of animal-based entertainment and to take the VHS pledge to avoid attending horse races.

– ends –

SOURCE Vancouver Humane Society

For more information, contact: 

Amy Morris

Emily Pickett

Related links:

https://vancouverhumanesociety.bc.ca/

https://vancouverhumanesociety.bc.ca/posts/new-report-calls-for-end-to-horse-racing-at-vancouver-track/

Categories
Media Release

Companies pull animal welfare campaigns in Calgary

CALGARY, June 30, 2025—Animal protection organizations are raising the alarm about mounting censorship efforts by major advertising companies and media groups in the lead-up to the Calgary Stampede.

While the Stampede is heavily promoted across Canada as a national celebration, the darker side of its animal events is increasingly hidden from public view. When animals are inevitably injured or killed—a grim annual tradition—the live broadcast quickly cuts away, leaving announcers to fill the silence while the arena is cleared. 

Increasingly, animal welfare advocates say that corporate advertising companies are going further to block even mild criticism from reaching the public.

This year, the Vancouver Humane Society (VHS) attempted to run a billboard with Astral Media Outdoor, owned by Bell Media. The billboard would have been placed along the Stampede parade route, pointing out that distressing moments—like when a rope tightens around a calf’s neck—are typically edited out of rodeo highlights. Sharing this fact proved too much for Bell Media, despite initially approving the sign.

Design originally accepted for Astral Media Outdoor billboard ad.

Just days before launch, Bell Media abruptly demanded last-minute changes before cancelling the billboard altogether. The company rejected the VHS’s photo-based ads in 2024, while Pattison Outdoor Advertising, another major ad company, refused all “animal advocacy advertising.” 

After Bell withdrew, other approved ad campaigns began to unravel. Rogers Media, which had sent radio ad contracts and collaborated on script development, reversed course, stating that the ads would “diminish the value of the Rogers’ brands.” The Calgary Stampede is one of Rogers Sports & Media’s properties, a representative noted.

RedPoint Media Group, which had agreed to place online ads in Avenue Calgary, also rejected designs mentioning animal welfare concerns and offered to run general ads about the VHS instead. Their production team said they do not accept “political” messaging—despite one of the rejected ads stating only: “Like dogs, calves suffer stress and injuries from rough handling.”

“We’ve been advocating for an end to cruel practices at the Calgary Stampede for decades, but this year we’ve had three advertising companies backtrack on ads with signed contracts,” said VHS Communications Director Chantelle Archambault. “We’re extremely concerned that companies are keeping animal welfare messaging from reaching the public.”

“These moves to silence even mild criticism show an alarming imbalance, where an event that routinely sees animal deaths and injuries is shielded from scrutiny by powerful corporations,” said Alexandra Pester, Calgary-based staff lawyer at Animal Justice. “Frankly it’s also insulting to Calgarians, suggesting they can’t be trusted to make up their own minds about controversial events.”

– ends –

SOURCE Vancouver Humane Society

For more information, contact: 

Chantelle Archambault

Communications Director, Vancouver Humane Society

chantelle@vancouverhumanesociety.bc.ca

604-416-2903

Alexandra Pester

Staff Lawyer, Animal Justice

apester@animaljustice.ca

Related media: Attached

Related links:

https://vancouverhumanesociety.bc.ca/

https://rodeotruth.com/

https://animaljustice.ca/

Categories
Media Release

VHS report calls for end to horse racing at Vancouver racecourse

VANCOUVER, June 12, 2025 – The Vancouver Humane Society (VHS) is doubling down on its call for an end to horse racing at Vancouver’s Hastings racecourse following the preventable death of a horse this past weekend. The horse, Gem Dancer, collapsed and died of suspected heat exhaustion after a June 8th race held during a heat warning. 

The same day the VHS learned of the horse’s senseless death, they submitted a report to Vancouver City Council advocating for an end to horse racing at Hastings Park in 2026, when the current Operating Agreement is set to expire. 

The recommendations in the VHS report, “Considerations for the Discontinuation of Horse Racing at Hastings Park”, depict the long-term decline of the industry—including reduced attendance, revenue, and race days—and its increasing reliance on public subsidies. The report describes persistent animal welfare issues and crumbling infrastructure, which have diminished public support. Given that the 45-acre racecourse provides minimal public benefit—averaging fewer than 9 visitors per acre per day—and conflicts with the City of Vancouver’s goals for public access, sustainability, and economic resilience, the VHS argues that dedicating such a large portion of the park to horse racing is no longer justifiable. 

The report also points to data indicating the sad reality that the racing-related fatality rate at Hastings Racecourse is markedly higher than the industry average. According to the B.C. Gaming & Policy Enforcement Branch, the 2024 fatality rate at Hastings was 1.78 per thousand starts, compared to the 2024 industry average of 1.11 across U.S. and Canadian tracks that report to the Equine Injury Database,and almost double the 0.90 fatality rate at tracks regulated by the Horseracing Integrity and Safety Authority (HISA).  

The VHS is urging decision-makers to support a move away from horse racing at Hastings Park and toward alternative land use that offers potential for long-term economic resilience, greater public utilization of space, and alignment with public values and interest. 

 – ends –         

SOURCE Vancouver Humane Society        

For more information, contact Emily Pickett: (604) 416-2901, emily@vancouverhumanesociety.bc.ca    

Related files:

No Title

No Description

Categories
Media Release

Horse Dies from Suspected Heat Exhaustion After Racing During Vancouver Heat Wave

VANCOUVER, June 11, 2025 – The Vancouver Humane Society (VHS) is sounding the alarm following the recent suspected heat-exhausted death of a horse named Gem Dancer at Vancouver’s Hastings racecourse. 

B.C.’s Gaming & Policy Enforcement branch confirmed via email that on June 8, 2025, Gem Dancer began showing signs of distress while being led off the track following the race and soon collapsed. Despite efforts to cool the horse down, and after being in distress for approximately 2 minutes, Gem Dancer became unresponsive and was pronounced dead. 

“This horse was literally run to their own death for the sake of public entertainment,” said VHS Campaign Director, Emily Pickett. “It’s incredibly irresponsible to race horses in the midst of a heat warning. Gem Dancer’s senseless death demonstrates how horses in the racing industry are exploited for profit, pushed beyond their limit and raced to the point of injury and death.”  

Gem Dancer’s death marks the second known horse death at Hastings racecourse this year. On April 13th, just weeks before the start of the 2025 racing season, a 3-year old horse named Wynn Magic suffered a compound leg fracture during a timed workout and was subsequently euthanized.  

The VHS is deeply concerned that the 2025 race season will continue to see more tragic and avoidable injuries and deaths, pointing to the four horse fatalities at Hastings in 2024 and eight in 2023. 

The B.C. Gaming & Policy Enforcement Branch confirmed via email that the racing-related fatality rate at Hastings racecourse in 2024 was 1.78 per thousand starts. This is markedly higher than the 2024 industry average of 1.11 across U.S. and Canadian tracks that report to the Equine Injury Database, and almost double the 0.90 fatality rate at tracks regulated by the Horseracing Integrity and Safety Authority (HISA). 

The VHS continues to highlight welfare concerns within the industry. The use of stressful and aversive training methods, reliance on painful tools like whips and bits, and breeding practices that prioritize speed over skeletal strength, have no place in modern society. Even if horses do not die from heat exhaustion or a being euthanized from a broken leg, horses deemed no longer profitable at the end of their short careers may be sent to auction and ultimately slaughtered. 

The organization is urging the public to pledge not to attend horse races and is reiterating calls for decision-makers to invest in alternative community events – ones that bring people together without putting animals at risk. 

 – ends –        

SOURCE Vancouver Humane Society       

For more information, contact Emily Pickett: (604) 416-2901, emily@vancouverhumanesociety.bc.ca   

Categories
Media Release

Hastings horse death just weeks before start of race season prompts renewed calls for change

 

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

VANCOUVER, April 17, 2025 – The Vancouver Humane Society (VHS) is reiterating concerns after learning that a 3-year-old horse was injured and euthanized during a recent timed workout at Vancouver’s Hastings Racecourse. 

On April 13, 2025, a horse named Wynn Magic suffered a compound fracture to the left front leg and was euthanized, B.C.’s Gaming Policy and Enforcement Branch (GPEB), which oversees horse racing in the province, confirmed to the VHS in an email.  

This death comes just weeks before the scheduled start of the 2025 horse racing season at Hastings and follows a controversial 2024 racing season, which resulted in four horse fatalities. In 2023, there were eight horse fatalities at Hastings. The VHS is concerned that the 2025 season will see more tragic and avoidable horse injuries and fatalities.  

“It’s not a matter of if, but when, the next horse will lose their life entertaining a crowd,” said VHS Executive Director, Amy Morris. “That’s why we’re urging the public to rethink attending horse races and calling on decision-makers to invest in alternative community events – ones that bring people together without putting animals at risk.” 

The organization has also raised concerns regarding welfare issues around horse racing, including stressful, aversive training methods, the use of painful tools like whips and bits, the breeding of thoroughbred horses for speed rather than skeletal strength, and the risk of being auctioned off for slaughter for horses who are no longer profitable at the end of their short careers. 

The VHS is encouraging the public to take the organization’s pledge not to attend horse races and instead choose entertainment events free of animal suffering.  

– ends –       

SOURCE Vancouver Humane Society      

For more information, contact Amy Morris: (604) 993-0167, amy@vancouverhumanesociety.bc.ca  

Categories
Media Release

National animal protection election debate to take place on April 23rd

April 16, 2025. For immediate release.

TORONTO—For the second time in Canadian history, federal candidates will square off this Earth Week in a national all-party debate focused on animal protection issues. 

Animal protection emerged as an election issue for the first time in the 2021 federal election, with the main parties making campaign announcements and platform commitments. A 2024 Nanos poll found 43% of Canadians would be more likely to vote for a political party at the upcoming election if they support stronger animal protection laws and policies. 

Debate participants include:

  • Nathaniel Erskine-Smith, Liberal candidate in Beaches—East York, Toronto, ON
  • Alistair MacGregor, NDP candidate in Cowichan—Malahat—Langford, BC
  • Elizabeth May, Green candidate in Saanich—Gulf Islands, BC
  • Yves Perron, Bloc Québécois candidate in Berthier-Maskinongé, QC

Jointly hosted by Animal Justice, the Montreal SPCA, the Vancouver Humane Society, BC SPCA and World Animal Protection, the debate will be moderated by former journalist and co-founder of KAPOW Communications, Karman Wong. All parties with a seat in Parliament were invited to participate. The debate will take place in English and French and will be simultaneously translated.

The debate will cover animal protection legislation, zoos, wildlife trade, animal agriculture, plant-based foods, agricultural trade, antimicrobial resistance, animal testing and institutional reform.

Despite strong public concern over the wellbeing of animals, Canada is widely considered to have some of the worst animal protection laws in the western world. A number of animal welfare bills in the last Parliament sought to change this but died when the election was called (eg; Bill S-15 would have banned elephant and great ape captivity, Bill C-355 would have banned the export of live horses to slaughter and Bill C-293 would have addressed top animal-related pandemic drivers like live animal markets and the wildlife trade). 

The animal protection groups hosting the event say these and other animal issues must be part of the legislative agenda in the next Parliament, and this debate aims to give voters the information they need to make an informed decision about how federal parties will improve animal protection laws and policies.

Animal protection is inextricably linked with other major election issues— when you consider the number of animals traded across our national borders, the shift to buying more local food and the urgent need to mitigate climate change and pandemic risk. Animal agriculture is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, and more than 14.5 million farmed birds have been culled in Canada due to avian flu. 

Members of the public are invited to register to watch the debate at www.animalelectiondebate.ca

Media are invited to participate and submit questions and are asked to RSVP to Pierre Sadik at psadik@animaljustice.ca   

-30-

For media requests contact:

Categories
Media Release

Port Moody City Council votes to prohibit mobile live animal programs in Port Moody

January 23, 2025. For immediate release.

The BC SPCA and the Vancouver Humane Society (VHS) are celebrating Port Moody City Council’s decision to prohibit mobile live animal programs, also known as mobile petting zoos, in Port Moody. In addition to farm animals, mobile live animal programs may include exotic animals like reptiles and amphibians. This move reflects growing public awareness and concern for the well-being of animals used for entertainment. 

Port Moody Councillor Kyla Knowles introduced the motion in 2023 out of concern for the treatment and handling of animals brought into the community and put on display for people’s entertainment. “The City of Port Moody and its Council extends respect and care to all residents, including animals,” says Knowles.  “We believe in gently co-existing with our wild neighbours and ensuring our actions don’t harm them.  We lead by example, and banning mobile petting zoos is an easy, low-barrier step to show our commitment to animal welfare in Port Moody.” 

The BC SPCA and VHS, along with a number of caring Port Moody residents, expressed concerns about the welfare of animals at mobile petting zoos through letters and presentations to Council. 

“The BC SPCA is thrilled to see local governments like the City of Port Moody make progressive policy decisions to enhance animal welfare in their communities,” says Nadia Xenakis, the BC SPCA’s wild animal welfare specialist. “Making our province a safer, more caring place for animals and people requires change at all levels of government and Port Moody has demonstrated that they are a leader in this regard. We encourage other local governments, and the provincial government, to make similar changes to their policies and regulations.” 

“We are very grateful to Port Moody’s Council for once again leading the charge in protecting animal welfare,” says Emily Pickett, VHS campaign director. “The residents of Port Moody have demonstrated that they care deeply about animals, and this vote shows that decision-makers are listening to their concerns.” 

This is not the first time Port Moody has taken a stand for animal welfare. In 2023, the Council unanimously voted to ban rodeos after receiving strong support from residents.   

While petting zoos are often marketed as a fun and educational experience, particularly for families and children, research indicates there is little positive educational value. Mobile petting zoos also present numerous animal welfare and public health and safety concerns: 

  • Even healthy-looking animals can transmit pathogens (including E. coli, Salmonella and Avian flu) to people and other animals, and stressed animals are more likely to shed pathogens. Young children are most at risk of infection as they’re the least likely to remember to wash their hands after touching animals and have an increased risk of serious illness because their immune systems aren’t fully developed, 
  • Animals in petting zoos are typically subjected to noisy crowds of people in unfamiliar spaces and have little or no opportunity to hide or rest. They are often handled roughly or improperly by members of the public or even untrained staff and volunteers,
  • Baby animals are particularly popular at petting zoos. The demand for a steady supply of baby animals can result in poor breeding practices, the separation of young from their mothers, and an overabundance of species with low adoption and high abandonment rates, 
  • Transporting animals to and from mobile petting zoos and regularly introducing them to unfamiliar places and situations increases their stress and the risk of injury and distress, 
  • Stressed animals are also more likely to bite, scratch, kick or exhibit defensive behaviours,
  • There are no minimum standards or accreditation for petting zoos in British Columbia, and it is difficult for City staff to determine if the animals are being treated properly when they are not on display to the public. 

For more information on the BC SPCA’s advocacy work, please visit spca.bc.ca/ways-to-help/take-action.

For more information on the VHS’s advocacy work, please visit vancouverhumanesociety.bc.ca/our-work/

-30-

For more information:

Nadia Xenakis, the BC SPCA’s wild animal specialist, media@spca.bc.ca

Emily Pickett, the Vancouver Humane Society’s campaign director, emily@vancouverhumanesociety.bc.ca

Categories
Media Release

Eight year old giraffe, Jenga, dies at Greater Vancouver Zoo

Sign the petition

VANCOUVER, October 24, 2024 – The tragic life and death of Jenga the giraffe is the latest in a series of animal welfare issues at the Great Vancouver Zoo. Jenga, aged 8, died suddenly and unexpectedly at the zoo this week. Jenga was born in captivity in Ontario and then shipped to British Columbia. Jenga lived their entire life in a small, cold, enclosure, nothing like the natural habitat of their wild counterparts. Giraffes live up to 25 years in the wild.

“We’re saddened to learn of the death of another animal at the Greater Vancouver Zoo. Jenga the giraffe was only 8 years old, which is a fraction of the lifespan for giraffes in the wild,” said Campaign Director, Emily Pickett. “The Vancouver Humane Society has been calling on the zoo for many years to address long-standing animal welfare issues and to move away from keeping animals in permanent captivity.” 

High-profile incidents resulting in heightened public scrutiny of the zoo 

The Greater Vancouver Zoo has been aware of many animal welfare issues in their facility for years. The most recent report on conditions at the zoo, commissioned by the Vancouver Humane Society (VHS) and prepared by Zoocheck, raised alarms about a number of concerns. Unfortunately, the same issues raised in the report persist year after year, causing continued suffering to the many animals who are kept in captivity at the zoo. 

In 2022, animal lovers in B.C. mourned the loss of Chia, a wolf who escaped from her enclosure at the Greater Vancouver Zoo. Chia was tragically found dead on the side of the road. 

In 2022, the VHS filed a cruelty complaint with the BC SPCA after obtaining video footage of animals engaging in repetitive behaviours and in small, barren enclosures. 

In 2021, a zoo employee was bitten when a jaguar climbed up a feeding chute. Rather than addressing the behavioural needs of this natural hunter and climber, the zoo welded bars to the bottom of the chute. 

In 2020, the public raised concerns about an emaciated moose named Oakleaf, prompting an investigation by the BC SPCA. Oakleaf was then euthanized. 

In 2019, a 2-year-old child was bitten by a black bear after being able to enter an “unauthorized area.” The toddler had to be airlifted to hospital. 

Ongoing welfare issues 

This week’s tragic death is the latest in a pattern of concerning incidents at the Greater Vancouver Zoo. But the series of high-profile cases that make it into the news are just the tip of the iceberg when compared with the monotonous, day-to-day suffering of the wild species confined to enclosures thousands of times smaller than their natural habitats. 

If the Greater Vancouver Zoo refuses to make significant changes for the well-being of the animals they keep, a change must be made for them. That’s why the VHS is imploring provincial decision-makers to immediately address the outdated regulations around keeping, breeding, and transport of wild and exotic animals. Concerned citizens can sign the petition in support of these recommendations.

– ends –

SOURCE Vancouver Humane Society

For more information, contact Emily Pickett: 604-416-2903, emily@vancouverhumanesociety.bc.ca

Related links:
https://vancouverhumanesociety.bc.ca/posts/captivity-petition/

Sign the petition
Categories
Media Release

Hastings Racecourse season bookended by animal fatalities as another 2-year-old horse euthanized 

 

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

VANCOUVER, October 22, 2024 – The Vancouver Humane Society (VHS) is calling on Vancouverites to choose animal-free entertainment after another horse died at Hastings Racecourse.  

During a race on October 12th, a 2-year-old horse named Anstruther suffered a compound fracture to her right hind leg and was euthanized, B.C.’s Gaming Policy and Enforcement Branch (GPEB) confirmed to the VHS in an email. 

“It’s hard to imagine the fear and suffering horses endure when their fragile leg bones break at such high speeds,” said VHS Communication Director Chantelle Archambault. 

This death occurred in the last weekend of the racing season, marking the fourth fatality at the racecourse this year. The first fatal incident occurred less than one month after the racing season began, meaning this year’s racing season at Hastings was bookended by horse deaths. Eight horses also died in each of the last two years at Hastings. 

“We are a city of animal lovers. To host an event where animals are regularly dying does not reflect our values as a community,” Archambault continued. She implored people to think twice before attending a race. “If you’re attending these events, there is always a chance that you could witness some of a horse’s final moments alive.” 

More than 3,600 people have taken the VHS’s pledge not to attend horse races. The organization is encouraging people to take the pledge and choose entertainment events free of animal suffering. 

– ends –      

SOURCE Vancouver Humane Society     

For more information, contact Chantelle Archambault: 604-416-2903, chantelle@vancouverhumanesociety.bc.ca 

Or contact Emily Pickett: 604-416-2903, emily@vancouverhumanesociety.bc.ca